@article{ref1,
title="Effects of acute exercise on drug craving, self-esteem, mood and affect in adults with poly-substance dependence: feasibility and preliminary findings",
journal="Drug and alcohol review",
year="2018",
author="Ellingsen, Maren Mikkelsen and Johannesen, Sunniva Launes and Martinsen, Egil W. and Hallgren, Mats",
volume="37",
number="6",
pages="789-793",
abstract="INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: Novel treatments for substance use disorders are needed. Acute bouts of exercise can improve mood states in non-clinical populations, but effects in those with poly-substance dependence are understudied. We examined the feasibility and short-term effects of three types of exercise on drug cravings, self-esteem, mood and positive/negative affect in nine poly-drug-dependent inpatients. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a cross-over design, changes in the four study outcomes were assessed immediately before exercise and on four separate occasions post-exercise (immediately after, then at 1, 2 and 4 h post-exercise) enabling patterns of change over time (analysis of covariance) to be observed. <br><br>RESULTS: Participants were willing and able to engage in different non-laboratory based exercises. Football was associated with non-significant short-term reductions in drug cravings. A similar trend was seen for circuit-training, but not walking. Football and circuit-training were associated with brief improvements in mood and positive/negative affect. No adverse events were reported. <br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Football, circuit training and walking are feasible therapeutic activities for inpatients with poly-substance dependence. Controlled trials are needed to determine the long-term effects of these activities.<br><br>© 2018 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0959-5236",
doi="10.1111/dar.12818",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12818"
}