@article{ref1,
title="The incidence of anosmia after traumatic brain injury: the SHEFBIT cohort",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2018",
author="Singh, Rajiv and Humphries, Thomas and Mason, Suzanne and Lecky, Fiona and Dawson, Jeremy and Sinha, Saurabh",
volume="32",
number="9",
pages="1122-1128",
abstract="BACKGROUND: While anosmia is common after Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI) (prevalence 4%-68%),studies differ in the associations found with other variables. AIMS: To assess the incidence of anosmia within a large, mixed TBI cohort and examine relationships with other injury or demographic features, including depression and global outcome(GOSE). DESIGN, SUBJECTS AND SETTING: 774 consecutive TBI admissions over 2 years, assessed within a specialist neurorehabilitation clinic. <br><br>METHODS: All patients assessed at 6-8 weeks and 1 year. Tools included the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOSE), Rivermead Head Injury Follow-up Questionnaire, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score. Olfactory function assessed with sensitivity to coffee granules. <br><br>RESULTS: The overall incidence of anosmia was 19.7%; mild TBI (9.55%), moderate (20.01%), and severe (43.5%). On a logistic regression, features of TBI severity (p < 0.001 (95% CI 0.098-0.438)), medical comorbidities (p = 0.026 (95% CI 0.301-0.927)) and depression (p = 0.006 (95% CI 1.202-2.981)) were significant. Sixty percent of patients with anosmia at 1 year were found to be clinically depressed, compared to 36% of patients without anosmia. <br><br>CONCLUSION: In the largest prospective study of post-TBI anosmia, the incidence increased with TBI severity and other medical illness. The presence of anosmia should also raise the clinical suspicion of depression.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2018.1483028",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1483028"
}