@article{ref1,
title="Incidence and costs to Medicare of fractures among Medicare beneficiaries aged > or = 65 years--United States, July 1991-June 1992",
journal="MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report",
year="1996",
author="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, ",
volume="45",
number="41",
pages="877-883",
abstract="An estimated 850,000 fractures occur annually in the United States among persons aged > or = 65 years. Osteoporosis, an age-associated condition resulting in decreased bone density, is a major cause of these fractures, which typically result from a fall to the floor; approximately 25 million persons may be at increased risk for fracture because of low bone mass. During 1986-1995, annual medical-care costs for fractures among older adults ranged from $7 billion to $10 billion in 1986 to $13.8 billion in 1995. To determine more accurately the incidence of fractures at 10 anatomical sites among persons aged > or = 65 years during July 1991-June 1992 and to estimate the excess costs to Medicare of these fractures during the 1-year period following the fracture, claims data were analyzed for a 5% systematic sample (n = 1,288,618) of Medicare beneficiaries. This report summarizes the findings, which indicate that excess costs to Medicare for the 10 incident fracture types represent 3% of all Medicare costs for 1992.",
language="en",
issn="0149-2195",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}