@article{ref1,
title="Pre-injury migraine history as a risk factor for prolonged return to school and sports following concussion",
journal="Journal of neurotrauma",
year="2018",
author="Terry, Douglas P. and Huebschmann, Nathan and Maxwell, Bruce and Cook, Nathan and Mannix, Rebekah and Zafonte, Ross D. and Seifert, Tad and Berkner, Paul D. and Iverson, Grant L.",
volume="ePub",
number="ePub",
pages="ePub-ePub",
abstract="Having a pre-existing migraine disorder might be a risk factor for a prolonged recovery following a sport-related concussion. We examined whether having a migraine history was associated with a prolonged return to academics and athletics following a concussion. High school and collegiate athletes (N=1,265; 42% female) who sustained a sport-related concussion were monitored by athletic trainers using a web-based surveillance system that collects information about concussion recovery. Nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests (KS) were used to compare days to return to academics/athletics across groups due to non-normally distributed outcome variables and unequal distributions of scores between groups. Chi-square tests were used to examine the proportion of players who had not returned to academics/athletics at 7, 14, and 21 days post-injury stratified by self-reported migraine history. There were 117 athletes (9.2%) who reported a pre-injury migraine history. Athletes with a history of migraine took a median of 6 days to return to academics (M=10.6, SD=14.2) and 15.5 days to return to athletics (M=23.8, SD=30.8), while those with no migraine history took a median of 5 days to return to academics (M=7.5, SD=10.9) and 14 days to return to athletics (M=19.4, SD=19.4). There were no statistically significant differences in days to return to school or athletics between the groups (KS ps>.05). However, a lower percentage of athletes with a history of migraine had returned to school after 7 days (57% vs. 68%, χ2=5.53, p=.02), 14 days (75% vs. 88%, χ2=14.21, p<.001), and 21 days post-injury (89% vs. 94%, χ2=4.90, p=.03). Stratifying the analyses by sex showed that this effect was significant in girls and women with pre-existing migraines, but not boys and men with pre-existing migraines. There were no group differences in recovery rates when examining return to athletics. Athletes with a pre-injury migraine history may be at an elevated risk for a protracted return to school after concussion, especially girls and women.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0897-7151",
doi="10.1089/neu.2017.5443",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5443"
}