@article{ref1,
title="Genome-wide association analyses identify 44 risk variants and refine the genetic architecture of major depression",
journal="Nature genetics",
year="2018",
author="Wray, Naomi R. and Ripke, Stephan and Mattheisen, Manuel and Trzaskowski, Maciej and Byrne, Enda M. and Abdellaoui, Abdel and Adams, Mark J. and Agerbo, Esben and Air, Tracy M. and Andlauer, Till M. F. and Bacanu, Silviu-Alin and Bækvad-Hansen, Marie and Beekman, Aartjan F. T. and Bigdeli, Tim B. and Binder, Elisabeth B. and Blackwood, Douglas R. H. and Bryois, Julien and Buttenschøn, Henriette N. and Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas and Cai, Na and Castelao, Enrique and Christensen, Jane Hvarregaard and Clarke, Toni-Kim and Coleman, Jonathan I. R. and Colodro-Conde, Lucia and Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste and Craddock, Nick and Crawford, Gregory E. and Crowley, Cheynna A. and Dashti, Hassan S. and Davies, Gail and Deary, Ian J. and Degenhardt, Franziska and Derks, Eske M. and Direk, Neşe and Dolan, Conor V. and Dunn, Erin C. and Eley, Thalia C. and Eriksson, Nicholas and Escott-Price, Valentina and Kiadeh, Farnush Hassan Farhadi and Finucane, Hilary K. and Forstner, Andreas J. and Frank, Josef and Gaspar, Héléna A. and Gill, Michael and Giusti-Rodríguez, Paola and Goes, Fernando S. and Gordon, Scott D. and Grove, Jakob and Hall, Lynsey S. and Hannon, Eilis and Hansen, Christine Søholm and Hansen, Thomas F. and Herms, Stefan and Hickie, Ian B. and Hoffmann, Per and Homuth, Georg and Horn, Carsten and Hottenga, Jouke-Jan and Hougaard, David M. and Hu, Ming and Hyde, Craig L. and Ising, Marcus and Jansen, Rick and Jin, Fulai and Jorgenson, Eric and Knowles, James A. and Kohane, Isaac S. and Kraft, Julia and Kretzschmar, Warren W. and Krogh, Jesper and Kutalik, Zoltán and Lane, Jacqueline M. and Li, Yihan and Li, Yun and Lind, Penelope A. and Liu, Xiaoxiao and Lu, Leina and Macintyre, Donald J. and MacKinnon, Dean F. and Maier, Robert M. and Maier, Wolfgang and Marchini, Jonathan and Mbarek, Hamdi and McGrath, Patrick and McGuffin, Peter and Medland, Sarah E. and Mehta, Divya and Middeldorp, Christel M. and Mihailov, Evelin and Milaneschi, Yuri and Milani, Lili and Mill, Jonathan and Mondimore, Francis M. and Montgomery, Grant W. and Mostafavi, Sara and Mullins, Niamh and Nauck, Matthias and Ng, Bernard and Nivard, Michel G. and Nyholt, Dale R. and O'Reilly, Paul F. and Oskarsson, Hogni and Owen, Michael J. and Painter, Jodie N. and Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker and Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz and Peterson, Roseann E. and Pettersson, Erik and Peyrot, Wouter J. and Pistis, Giorgio and Posthuma, Danielle and Purcell, Shaun M. and Quiroz, Jorge A. and Qvist, Per and Rice, John P. and Riley, Brien P. and Rivera, Margarita and Saeed Mirza, Saira and Saxena, Richa and Schoevers, Robert and Schulte, Eva C. and Shen, Ling and Shi, Jianxin and Shyn, Stanley I. and Sigurdsson, Engilbert and Sinnamon, Grant B. C. and Smit, Johannes H. and Smith, Daniel J. and Stefansson, Hreinn and Steinberg, Stacy and Stockmeier, Craig A. and Streit, Fabian and Strohmaier, Jana and Tansey, Katherine E. and Teismann, Henning and Teumer, Alexander and Thompson, Wesley and Thomson, Pippa A. and Thorgeirsson, Thorgeir E. and Tian, Chao and Traylor, Matthew and Treutlein, Jens and Trubetskoy, Vassily and Uitterlinden, Andre G. and Umbricht, Daniel and Van der Auwera, Sandra and van Hemert, Albert M. and Viktorin, Alexander and Visscher, Peter M. and Wang, Yunpeng and Webb, Bradley T. and Weinsheimer, Shantel Marie and Wellmann, Jürgen and Willemsen, Gonneke and Witt, Stephanie H. and Wu, Yang and Xi, Hualin S. and Yang, Jian and Zhang, Futao and Arolt, Volker and Baune, Bernhard T. and Berger, Klaus and Boomsma, Dorret I. and Cichon, Sven and Dannlowski, Udo and de Geus, E. C. J. and Depaulo, J. Raymond and Domenici, Enrico and Domschke, Katharina and Esko, Tõnu and Grabe, Hans J. and Hamilton, Steven P. and Hayward, Caroline and Heath, Andrew C. and Hinds, David A. and Kendler, Kenneth S. and Kloiber, Stefan and Lewis, Glyn and Li, Qingqin S. and Lucae, Susanne and Madden, Pamela F. A. and Magnusson, Patrik K. and Martin, Nicholas G. and McIntosh, Andrew M. and Metspalu, Andres and Mors, Ole and Mortensen, Preben Bo and Müller-Myhsok, Bertram and Nordentoft, Merete and Nothen, Markus M. and O'Donovan, Michael C. and Paciga, Sara A. and Pedersen, Nancy L. and Penninx, Brenda W. J. H. and Perlis, Roy H. and Porteous, David J. and Potash, James B. and Preisig, Martin and Rietschel, Marcella and Schaefer, Catherine and Schulze, Thomas G. and Smoller, Jordan W. and Stefansson, Kari and Tiemeier, Henning and Uher, Rudolf and Völzke, Henry and Weissman, Myrna M. and Werge, Thomas and Winslow, Ashley R. and Lewis, Cathryn M. and Levinson, Douglas F. and Breen, Gerome and Børglum, Anders D. and Sullivan, Patrick F.",
volume="50",
number="5",
pages="668-681",
abstract="Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common illness accompanied by considerable morbidity, mortality, costs, and heightened risk of suicide. We conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis based in 135,458 cases and 344,901 controls and identified 44 independent and significant loci. The genetic findings were associated with clinical features of major depression and implicated brain regions exhibiting anatomical differences in cases. Targets of antidepressant medications and genes involved in gene splicing were enriched for smaller association signal. We found important relationships of genetic risk for major depression with educational attainment, body mass, and schizophrenia: lower educational attainment and higher body mass were putatively causal, whereas major depression and schizophrenia reflected a partly shared biological etiology. All humans carry lesser or greater numbers of genetic risk factors for major depression. These findings help refine the basis of major depression and imply that a continuous measure of risk underlies the clinical phenotype.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1061-4036",
doi="10.1038/s41588-018-0090-3",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0090-3"
}