@article{ref1,
title="Risk factors for overdose in treatment-seeking youth with substance use disorders",
journal="Journal of clinical psychiatry",
year="2018",
author="Yule, Amy M. and Carrellas, Nicholas W. and Fitzgerald, Maura and McKowen, James W. and Nargiso, Jessica E. and Bergman, Brandon G. and Kelly, John F. and Wilens, Timothy E.",
volume="79",
number="3",
pages="e11678-e11678",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Overdoses (ODs) are among the leading causes of death in youth with substance use disorders (SUDs). Our aim was to identify the prevalence of OD and characteristics associated with a history of OD in youth presenting for SUD outpatient care. <br><br>METHODS: A systematic retrospective medical record review was conducted of consecutive psychiatric and SUD evaluations for patients aged 16 to 26 years with DSM-IV-TR criteria SUD at entry into an outpatient SUD treatment program for youth between January 2012 and June 2013. Unintentional OD was defined as substance use without intention of self-harm that was associated with a significant impairment in level of consciousness. Intentional OD was defined as ingestion of a substance that was reported as a suicide attempt. T tests, Pearson χ² tests, and Fisher exact tests were performed to evaluate characteristics associated with a history of OD. <br><br>RESULTS: We examined the medical records of 200 patients (157 males and 43 females) with a mean ± SD age of 20.2 ± 2.8 years. At intake, 58 patients (29%) had a history of OD, and 62% of those patients had a history of unintentional OD only (n = 36). Youth with ≥ 2 SUDs were 3 times more likely to have a history of OD compared to youth with 1 SUD (all P <.05). Compared to those without a history of OD, those with an OD were more likely to be female and have lifetime histories of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, anxiety, depressive, and/or eating disorders (all P <.05). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: High rates of OD exist in treatment-seeking youth with SUD. OD was associated with more SUDs and psychiatric comorbidity.<br><br>© Copyright 2018 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0160-6689",
doi="10.4088/JCP.17m11678",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.17m11678"
}