@article{ref1,
title="Parent-reported mild head injury history in children: long-term effects on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder",
journal="Global pediatric health",
year="2018",
author="Li, Linda and Li, Yuli and McDonald, Catherine and Liu, Jianghong",
volume="5",
number="",
pages="e2333794X18756465-e2333794X18756465",
abstract="<i>Objective.</i> Consequences of mild head injury for behavioral adjustment have not been well researched, and little is known about the long-term effects of mild head injury for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).<i>Methods.</i>In this longitudinal study of 418 children in Jintan City, China, parents reported children's history of head injury at age 6 years, and the Child Behavior Checklist was used to measure child<i>iDSM-IV</i>-oriented ADHD at ages 6 (Wave I) and 12 years (Wave II). Regression models were used to calculate the long-term (Wave II) effect of mild head injury on diagnosed ADHD, while controlling for diagnosed ADHD in Wave I.<i>Results.</i>Fifty-seven children (13.6%) had a single injury and 42 (10.0%) had multiple injuries before the age of 6 years. The long-term effect of multiple mild injury on ADHD at age 12 years was significant (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>= 0.103,<i>P</i><.05), even after controlling for ADHD at age 6 years.<i>Conclusions.</i>Multiple, but not single, mild head injuries before the age of 6 years had a significant long-term effect on ADHD. Thus, injuries traditionally overlooked and underreported still pose significant risks to children's long-term behavioral development.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2333-794X",
doi="10.1177/2333794X18756465",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794X18756465"
}