@article{ref1,
title="Nonfatal choking-related episodes among children--United States, 2001",
journal="MMWR: Morbidity and mortality weekly report",
year="2002",
author="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, ",
volume="51",
number="42",
pages="945-948",
abstract="Food and nonfood substances can present a choking hazard for children, particularly younger children. During 2000, the latest year for which national mortality data were available, 160 children aged < or = 14 years died from obstruction of the respiratory tract associated with inhaled or ingested foreign bodies (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes W79-W80); food and nonfood substances were associated with 41% and 59% of these deaths, respectively (CDC, unpublished data, 2002). To characterize nonfatal choking-related episodes in children treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) during 2001, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that an estimated 17,537 children aged < or = 14 years were treated in EDs for choking-related episodes in 2001. Many of these episodes were associated with candy/gum (19.0%) and coins (12.7%). Parents and caregivers should be aware of the types of foods and objects that pose a choking risk for children, become familiar with methods to reduce this risk, and be able to treat choking in children.",
language="en",
issn="0149-2195",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}