@article{ref1,
title="Post-concussive symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury during childhood and adolescence",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2018",
author="Starkey, Nicola J. and Jones, Kelly and Case, Rosalind and Theadom, Alice M. and Barker-Collo, Suzanne and Feigin, Valery",
volume="32",
number="5",
pages="617-626",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common injury during childhood and adolescence but the long-term outcomes are poorly understood. This study examined post-concussive symptoms and behavioural outcomes in children and adolescents up to 24 months post-mTBI. <br><br>METHOD: Parents of children aged 8-15 years with mTBI completed the BASC-2 and Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire at baseline, 1-, 6-, 12- and 24 months post-injury. An age-matched traumatic brain injury-free cohort was recruited and assessed at 12- and 24 months. <br><br>RESULTS: PCSs decreased significantly over the first 12 months post-injury. At 12- and 24 months post-injury, the mTBI group reported more PCSs and behavioural symptoms compared to controls. Parents of children with mTBI were more likely to report ≥4 problematic PCS symptoms (28% at both time points) compared to controls (7.7% and 1.7% at 12 and 24 months, respectively). The mTBI group was 4.63 times more likely to have four or more ongoing PCS symptoms at 12 months post-injury compared to controls. Headache was the most common acute post-injury symptom (55%), while the most commonly reported persistent symptoms were irritability, frustration, forgetfulness and fatigue. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: PCSs are common 2 years post-mTBI in childhood or adolescence. Given this, additional intervention and support is needed for families post-injury.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2018.1439533",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2018.1439533"
}