@article{ref1,
title="Social capital and cognitive decline in the aftermath of a natural disaster: a natural experiment from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami",
journal="Lancet. Planetary health",
year="2017",
author="Hikichi, Hiroyuki and Tsuboya, Toru and Aida, Jun and Matsuyama, Yusuke and Kondo, Katsunori and Subramanian, S. V. and Kawachi, Ichiro",
volume="1",
number="3",
pages="e105-e113",
abstract="BACKGROUND: We examined prospectively whether social capital mitigates the adverse effects of natural disaster on cognitive decline. <br><br>METHODS: The baseline for our study was established seven months before the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in a survey of older community-dwelling adults who lived 80 kilometers west of the epicenter (59.0% response rate). Approximately two and a half years after the disaster, the follow-up survey gathered information about personal experiences of disaster as well as incidence of cognitive disability (82.1% follow-up rate). Our primary outcome was cognitive disability (measured on an 8-level scale) assessed by in-home assessment. <br><br>FINDINGS: The experience of housing damage was associated with risk of cognitive impairment (coefficient = 0.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.02 to 0.06). Factor analysis of our analytic sample (n = 3,566) established two sub-scales of social capital: a cognitive dimension (perceptions of community social cohesion) and a structural dimension (informal socializing and social participation). Fixed effects regression showed that informal socializing and social participation buffered the risk of cognitive decline resulting from housing damage. <br><br>INTERPRETATION: Informal socializing and social participation may prevent cognitive impairment following natural disaster. FUNDING: National Institutes of Health (R01AG042463-04), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2542-5196",
doi="10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30041-4",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30041-4"
}