@article{ref1,
title="Persistence of self-injury, aggression and property destruction in children and adults with tuberous sclerosis complex",
journal="Journal of intellectual disability research",
year="2018",
author="Wilde, L. and Wade, K. and Eden, K. and Moss, J. and de Vries, P. J. and Oliver, C.",
volume="62",
number="12",
pages="1058-1071",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Individuals with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are at increased risk of developing self-injurious behaviour. The persistence of this deleterious behaviour over years is reported in aetiologically heterogeneous samples to be between 60% and 80% but is unknown for TSC. <br><br>METHOD: In this study, we determined the 3-year persistence of self-injury in a sample (n = 52) of children (with and without ID) and adults (with ID) with TSC and examined characteristics associated with persistence. <br><br>RESULTS: Findings for self-injury were contrasted to those for aggression and property destruction to examine the specificity of results to this behaviour. Self-injury was persistent in 84.6% of those with TSC who showed this behaviour, in contrast to 66.7% both for aggression and destruction. Persistent self-injury was associated with poor self-help skills, greater overactivity/impulsivity and more behavioural indicators of pain. These latter two characteristics were also associated with persistent aggression. No characteristics were associated with persistence of property destruction. <br><br>CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that self-injurious behaviours in individuals with TSC, together with aggressive and destructive behaviours, are highly persistent and would benefit from targeted intervention. Poor adaptive skills, overactivity/impulsivity and painful health conditions may differentiate those at most risk for persistent self-injury or aggression.<br><br>© 2018 MENCAP and International Association of the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0964-2633",
doi="10.1111/jir.12472",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12472"
}