@article{ref1,
title="Ski and snowboard school programs: injury surveillance and risk factors for grade-specific injury",
journal="Scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports",
year="2018",
author="Sran, Ravneet and Djerboua, Maya and Romanow, Nicole T. R. and Mitra, Tatum and Russell, Kelly and White, Kyla and Goulet, Claude and Emery, Carolyn and Hagel, Brent",
volume="28",
number="5",
pages="1569-1577",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To evaluate incidence rates and profile of school program ski and snowboard-related injuries by school grade group. <br><br>DESIGN: Historical cohort study. <br><br>METHODS: Injuries were identified via Accident Report Forms completed by ski patrollers. Severe injury was defined as those with ambulance evacuation or recommending patient transport to hospital. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the school grade group-specific injury rates adjusting for risk factors (sex, activity, ability, and socioeconomic status) and accounting for the effect of clustering by school. <br><br>RESULTS: Forty of 107 (37%) injuries reported were severe. Adolescents (grades 7-12) had higher crude injury rates (91/10,000 student-days) than children (grades 1-3: 25/10,000 student-days; grades 4-6: 65/10,000 student-days). Those in grades 1-3 had no severe injuries. Though the rate of injury was lower in grades 1-3, there were no statistically significant grade group differences in adjusted analyses. Snowboarders had a higher rate of injury compared with skiers, while higher ability level was protective. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Participants in grades 1-3 had the lowest crude and adjusted injury rates. Students in grades 7-12 had the highest rate of overall and severe injuries. These results will inform evidence-based guidelines for school ski/snowboard program participation by school-aged children. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0905-7188",
doi="10.1111/sms.13040",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.13040"
}