@article{ref1,
title="Brain-heart interactions in traumatic brain injury",
journal="Cardiology in review",
year="2017",
author="El-Menyar, Ayman and Goyal, Abhishek and Latifi, Rifat and Al-Thani, Hassan and Frishman, William",
volume="25",
number="6",
pages="279-288",
abstract="The cardiovascular manifestations associated with nontraumatic head disorders are commonly known. Similar manifestations have been reported in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the underlying mechanisms and impact on the patient's clinical outcomes are not well explored. The neurocardiac axis theory and neurogenic stunned myocardium phenomenon could partly explain the brain-heart link and interactions and can thus pave the way to a better understanding and management of TBI. Several observational retrospective studies have shown a promising role for beta-adrenergic blockers in patients with TBI in reducing the overall TBI-related mortality. However, several questions remain to be answered in clinical randomized-controlled trials, including population selection, beta blocker type, dosage, timing, and duration of therapy, while maintaining the optimal mean arterial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with TBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1061-5377",
doi="10.1097/CRD.0000000000000167",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CRD.0000000000000167"
}