@article{ref1,
title="Getting clocked: screening for TBI-related cognitive impairment with the clock drawing test",
journal="Brain injury",
year="2017",
author="Hazan, Elias and Zhang, Jia and Brenkel, Megan and Shulman, Kenneth and Feinstein, Anthony",
volume="31",
number="11",
pages="1501-1506",
abstract="PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Undetected cognitive impairment resulting from Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs), particularly the 75-95% classified as mild (mTBI), poses a significant public health challenge as untreated symptoms, can persist and cause lasting disability. These cognitive deficits are often missed by standard screening tests, creating a need for alternative cognitive screening tools. The Clock Drawing Test (CDT), a popular, brief cognitive screening instrument, was used to evaluate cognition in persons with TBI. <br><br>DESIGN: The effectiveness of the CDT was assessed on its own and in tandem with a validated computerised screening battery, including the Stroop Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), and Paced Visual Serial Addition Test 2-second trials (PVSAT-2). <br><br>METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The clock drawing component of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) of 223 subjects attending an outpatient TBI clinic was scored using two different methods. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The CDT screened for cognitive impairment most effectively when scored using the Clock Drawing Interpretation Scale (CDIS). Cognitive impairment was detected in 19.4% of the elusive cohort of persons with mTBI. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the CDT is effective at screening for cognitive impairment in persons with TBI. The CDT could be a valuable supplementary tool in TBI clinics as well as an effective cognitive screening instrument in busy primary care settings.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0269-9052",
doi="10.1080/02699052.2017.1376763",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1376763"
}