@article{ref1,
title="Fear acquisition and liking of out-group and in-group members: learning bias or attention?",
journal="Biological psychology",
year="2017",
author="Koenig, Stephan and Nauroth, Peter and Lucke, Sara and Lachnit, Harald and Gollwitzer, Mario and Uengoer, Metin",
volume="129",
number="",
pages="195-206",
abstract="The present study explores the notion of an out-group fear learning bias that is characterized by a facilitated fear acquisition toward harm-doing out-group members. Participants were conditioned with two in-group and two out-group faces as conditioned stimuli. During acquisition, one in-group and one out-group face was paired with an aversive shock whereas the other in-group and out-group faces were presented without shock. Psychophysiological measures of fear conditioning (skin conductance and pupil size) and explicit and implicit liking exhibited an increased differential responding towards out-group faces compared to in-group faces on. However, the results did not clearly indicate that harm-doing out-group members were more readily associated with fear than harm-doing in-group members. In contrast, the out-group face not paired with shock decreased conditioned fear and disliking at least to the same extent that the shock-associated out-group face increased these measures. Based on these results, we suggest an account of the out-group fear learning bias that relates to an attentional bias to process in-group information.<br><br>Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0301-0511",
doi="10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.060",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.08.060"
}