@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol intake and its relationship with bone mineral density, falls, and fracture risk in older men",
journal="Journal of the American Geriatrics Society",
year="2006",
author="Cawthon, Peggy M. and Harrison, S. L. and Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth and Fink, Howard A. and Cauley, Jane A. and Lewis, C. E. Jr and Orwoll, E. S. and Cummings, Steven R.",
volume="54",
number="11",
pages="1649-1657",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between alcohol intake and problem drinking history and bone mineral density (BMD), falls and fracture risk. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. SETTING: Six U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand nine hundred seventy-four men aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol intake and problem drinking histories were ascertained at baseline. Follow-up time was 1 year for falls and a mean of 3.65 years for fractures. RESULTS: Two thousand one hundred twenty-one participants (35.5%) reported limited alcohol intake (&lt;12 drinks/y); 3,156 (52.8%) reported light intake (&lt;14 drinks/wk), and 697 (11.7%) reported moderate to heavy intake (&gt;/=14 drinks/wk) in the year before baseline. One thousand one men (16.8%) had ever had problem drinking. In multivariate models, as alcohol intake increased, so did hip and spine BMD (P for trend &lt;.001). Greater alcohol intake was not associated with greater risk for nonspine or hip fractures. Men with light intake, but not moderate to heavy intake, had a lower risk of two or more incident falls (light intake: relative risk (RR)=0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.65-0.92; moderate to heavy intake: RR=0.83, 95% CI=0.63-1.10) than abstainers. Men with problem drinking had higher femoral neck (+1.3%) and spine BMD (+1.4%), and a higher risk of two or more falls (RR=1.59; 95% CI=1.30-1.94) than those without a history of problem drinking and similar total hip BMD and risk of fracture. CONCLUSION: In older men, recent alcohol intake is associated with higher BMD. Alcohol intake and fracture risk is unclear. Light alcohol intake may decrease the risk of falling, but a history of problem drinking increased fall risk.   <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-8614",
doi="10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00912.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00912.x"
}