@article{ref1,
title="Co-use of alcohol and opioids",
journal="Current addiction reports",
year="2017",
author="Witkiewitz, Katie and Vowles, Kevin E. and Edwards, Karlyn A.",
volume="4",
number="2",
pages="194-199",
abstract="PURPOSE of Review: This paper provides a narrative review of the co-use of alcohol and opioids, and its impact on biological, neurocognitive, and behavioral systems. In addition, data addressing co-use among patients receiving opioid replacement therapy and those who have chronic pain are discussed.Recent FindingsAlcohol and opioids are among the most commonly used substances, and co-use has contributed to a growing number of accidental poisonings, emergency room visits, and overdose deaths. Prevalence of co-use is high among multiple populations and severely impacts treatment outcomes.SummaryTreatment for those that co-use alcohol and opioids is inadequate. Future research should further investigate salient influences on co-use and identify potential targets for intervention to address this treatment need.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2196-2952",
doi="10.1007/s40429-017-0147-x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40429-017-0147-x"
}