@article{ref1,
title="Bright light delights: effects of daily light exposure on emotions, rest-activity cycles, sleep and melatonin secretion in severely demented patients",
journal="Current Alzheimer research",
year="2017",
author="Münch, Mirjam and Schmieder, Michael and Bieler, Katharina and Goldbach, Rolf and Fuhrmann, Timo and Zumstein, Naomi and Vonmoos, Petra and Scartezzini, Jean-Louis and Wirz-Justice, Anna and Cajochen, Christian",
volume="14",
number="10",
pages="1063-1075",
abstract="We tested whether the effects of a dynamic lighting system are superior to conventional lighting on emotions, agitation behaviour, quality of life, melatonin secretion and circadian rest-activity cycles in severely demented patients. As a comparison, an age matched control patient group was exposed to conventional lighting. For none of the output measures, significant differences between the two lighting conditions were found during the 8 study weeks in fall/winter. Thus, we divided the patient cohort (n = 89) into two groups, solely based on the median of their daily individual light exposure. Patients with higher average daily light exposure (>417 lx) showed significantly longer emotional expressions of pleasure and alertness per daily observations than patients with lower daily light exposure. Moreover, they had a higher quality of life, spent less time in bed, went to bed later and initiated their sleep episodes later although the two groups did not differ with respect to age, severity of cognitive impairment and mobility. In general, men were more agitated, had shorter sleep with more wake episodes, had a lower circadian amplitude of relative rest-wake activity and inter-daily circadian stability than women. In particular, lower daily light exposures significantly predicted lower circadian amplitudes of rest-activity cycles in men but not in women. This may indicate sex specific susceptibility to daily light exposures for rest-activity regulation in older demented patients. Our results provide evidence that a higher daily light exposure has beneficial effects on emotions and thus improved quality of life in a severely demented patient group.<br><br>Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1567-2050",
doi="10.2174/1567205014666170523092858",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205014666170523092858"
}