@article{ref1,
title="The development of the physical fitness construct across childhood",
journal="Scandinavian journal of medicine and science in sports",
year="2018",
author="Utesch, Till and Dreiskämper, Dennis and Strauss, Bernd and Naul, Roland",
volume="28",
number="1",
pages="212-219",
abstract="The measurement of physical fitness (PF) is an important factor from many different perspectives. PF is a determinant of healthy child development as it is related to several health outcomes. However, existing taxonomies of the construct and frequently used fitness assessments vary concerning their theoretical assumptions and practical implications. From a theoretical perspective, the construct of physical fitness covers a variety of motor domains, such as cardiovascular endurance, strength, coordination, or flexibility (e.g., Casperson et al., 1985). However, most fitness assessments provide a single (composite) score including all items as test outcome. This implicitly relates to a one-dimensional structure of physical fitness, which has been shown for other motor performance assessments in early childhood (e.g., Utesch et al., 2016). This study investigated this one-dimensional structure for six- to nine-year-old children within the item response theory framework (Partial Credit Model). Seven fitness subtests covering a variety of motor dimensions (six-minute run, push-ups, sit-ups, standing broad jump, 20m sprint, jumping sideways and balancing backwards) were conducted to a total of 790 six-year-olds, 1371 seven-year-olds, 1331 eight-year-olds, and 925 nine-year-olds (48.2 % female). Each item was transformed into five performance categories controlling for sex and age. This study indicates that a one-dimensional testing of PF is feasible across middle childhood. Furthermore, for six- and seven-year-olds all seven items including balancing backwards can be accumulated to one factor. From the age of about eight and nine years balancing backwards seems to become too easy. Altogether, analyzes show no diversification of PF across childhood. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<br><br>This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0905-7188",
doi="10.1111/sms.12889",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sms.12889"
}