@article{ref1,
title="Motor exam of patients with spinal cord injury: a terminological imbroglio",
journal="Neurological sciences",
year="2017",
author="Figueiredo, Nicandro",
volume="38",
number="7",
pages="1159-1165",
abstract="The description of the motor deficit of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) varies significantly, leading to confusion within the neurological terminology. This paper proposes a concise and easy to use terminology to describe the motor deficit of patients with SCI. A broad review of the origin of the nomenclature used to describe the motor deficit of patients with SCI was performed and discussed. The prefix: &quot;hemi&quot; should be used to describe paralysis of one half of the body; &quot;mono&quot; for one limb; &quot;para&quot; for lower limbs, di&quot; for two symmetrical segments and/or parts in both sides of the body; &quot;tri&quot; for three limbs, or two limbs and one side of the face; and &quot;tetra&quot; for four limbs. The suffix: &quot;plegia&quot; should be used for total paralysis of a limb or part of the body, and &quot;paresis&quot; for partial paralysis. The term &quot;brachial&quot; refers to the upper limbs; and &quot;podal&quot; to the lower limbs. According to the spinal cord origin of the main key muscles for the limbs, patients with complete injury affecting spinal cord segments C1-5 usually presents with &quot;tetraplegia&quot;; C6-T1 presents with &quot;paraplegia and brachial diparesis&quot;; T2-L2 with &quot;paraplegia&quot;; and L3-S1 with &quot;paraparesis&quot;.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1590-1874",
doi="10.1007/s10072-017-2931-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-017-2931-8"
}