@article{ref1,
title="Characterization of brain blood flow and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in major depressive disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2016",
author="Li, Wenbin and Chen, Ziqi and Wu, Min and Zhu, Hongyan and Gu, Lei and Zhao, Youjin and Kuang, Weihong and Bi, Feng and Kemp, Graham J. and Gong, Qiyong",
volume="210",
number="",
pages="303-311",
abstract="BACKGROUND: In healthy subjects, there is an association between amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). To date, no published meta-analysis has investigated changes in the regional ALFF in medication-free depressed patients. <br><br>METHODS: In this study, we aimed to explore whether resting-state rCBF and ALFF changes co-occur in the depressed brain without the potential confound of medication. Using signed differential mapping (SDM), we conducted two meta-analyses, one of rCBF studies and one of ALFF studies, involving medication-free patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, we conducted a multimodal meta-analysis to identify brain regions that showed abnormalities in both rCBF and ALFF. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included in this series. We identified abnormalities in resting-state rCBF and ALFF in the left insula in medication-free MDD patients compared with healthy controls (HC). In addition, we observed altered resting-state rCBF in the limbic-subcortical-cortical circuit and altered ALFF in the default mode network (DMN) and some motor-related brain regions. LIMITATIONS: The analysis techniques, patient characteristics and clinical variables of the included studies were heterogeneous. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The conjoint alterations in ALFF and rCBF in the left insula may represent core neuropathological changes in medication-free patients with MDD and merit further studying.<br><br>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.032",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.032"
}