@article{ref1,
title="Posttraumatic stress disorder in young children 3 years posttrauma: prevalence and longitudinal predictors",
journal="Journal of clinical psychiatry",
year="2016",
author="Meiser-Stedman, Richard and Smith, Patrick and Yule, William and Glucksman, Edward and Dalgleish, Tim",
volume="78",
number="3",
pages="334-339",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Age-appropriate criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in young children have been established. The present study investigated the long-term course of such PTSD and its predictors in young children. <br><br>METHODS: Young children (aged 2-10 years) and parents/caregivers who had attended emergency departments after motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) between May 2004 and November 2005 were assessed at 2 to 4 weeks and 6 months post-MVC; 71 families were re-interviewed 3 years post-MVC. Participants were assessed according to standard DSM-IV criteria for PTSD and a well-validated alternative algorithm for diagnosing PTSD in young children (PTSD-AA). Demographic, trauma-related, and parental mental health variables and intellectual ability were also assessed at baseline. <br><br>RESULTS: Using an &quot;optimal-report&quot; procedure (a positive diagnosis according to parent or child for older children, or just parent for younger children), 7.0% met criteria for DSM-IV PTSD and 16.9% for PTSD-AA at 3 years. Using parent report alone, these rates were 1.4% and 2.8%, respectively. Parent-child agreement for PTSD and PTSD-AA was no better than chance (Cohen κ = -0.03 and -0.04, respectively). Baseline parent posttraumatic stress relating to the child's trauma, and not trauma severity, was correlated with optimal-report child PTSD-AA at each assessment (r values = 0.29-0.31) and accounted for unique variance in logistic regression models of this outcome at each assessment. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: PTSD-AA in young children can persist for years but is underrecognized by parents despite its being shaped to a large extent by parents' own acute traumatic stress in response to the child's trauma.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0160-6689",
doi="10.4088/JCP.15m10002",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.15m10002"
}