@article{ref1,
title="Assessment of the 2D:4D ratio in aggression-related injuries in children attending a paediatric emergency department",
journal="Irish journal of medical science",
year="2016",
author="O'Briain, D. E. and Dawson, P. H. and Kelly, J. C. and Connolly, P.",
volume="186",
number="2",
pages="441-445",
abstract="BACKGROUND: The 2D:4D ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait. A lower ratio is correlated with sporting prowess, successful financial trading, risk taking behaviour, aggression, and aggression-related injuries, such as the fifth metacarpal fractures. AIMS: We aimed to assess if the ratio correlates to skeletally immature patient aggression. <br><br>METHODS: Radiology reports were searched for the terms &quot;5th metacarpal&quot; or &quot;boxer&quot;. Of 537 X-rays, 142 had fractures. The mechanism of injury was recorded in 102 patients, differentiating aggressive and non-aggressive injury groups. Bone age and chronological age were recorded. <br><br>RESULTS: A clear male preponderance for aggression was identified with only 60% of non-aggressive injuries occurring in males compared to 95% in the aggression group (p < 0.001). Patients with aggression injuries were older chronologically (14.6 vs 12.7, p < 0.001) and by bone age (14.5 vs 13.0, p < 0.001). For male patients, there was no difference in the 2D:4D ratio (p = 0.94); however, for females, the difference was significant (p = 0.04). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Aggression injuries occur at an older age and are more common in males. In the female cohort, there was a distinct difference in digit ratio.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0021-1265",
doi="10.1007/s11845-016-1524-5",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-016-1524-5"
}