@article{ref1,
title="Rural prehospital trauma systems improve trauma outcome in low-income countries: a prospective study from North Iraq and Cambodia",
journal="Journal of trauma",
year="2003",
author="Murad, Mudhafar and Van Heng, Yang and Wisborg, Torben and Gilbert, Mads and Husum, Hans",
volume="54",
number="6",
pages="1188-1196",
abstract="BACKGROUND: A five-year prospective study was conducted in North Iraq and Cambodia to test a model for rural prehospital trauma systems in low-income countries. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2001, 135 local paramedics and 5,200 lay First Responders were trained to provide in-field trauma care. The study population comprised 1,061 trauma victims with mean evacuation time 5.7 hours. The trauma mortality rate was reduced from pre-intervention level at 40% to 14.9% over the study period (95% CI for difference 17.2-33.0%). There was a reduction in trauma deaths from 23.9% in 1997 to 8.8% in 2001 (95% CI for difference 7.8-22.4%), and a corresponding significant improvement of treatment effect by year. The rate of infectious complications remained at 21.5 percent throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: Low-cost rural trauma systems have a significant impact on trauma mortality in low-income countries.",
language="",
issn="0022-5282",
doi="10.1097/01.TA.0000073609.12530.19",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.TA.0000073609.12530.19"
}