@article{ref1,
title="Endocrine dysfunction following traumatic brain injury: a 5-year follow-up nationwide-based study",
journal="Scientific reports",
year="2016",
author="Yang, Wei-Hsun and Chen, Pau-Chung and Wang, Ting-Chung and Kuo, Ting-Yu and Cheng, Chun-Yu and Yang, Yao-Hsu",
volume="6",
number="",
pages="e32987-e32987",
abstract="Post-traumatic endocrine dysfunction is a complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is lack of long-term follow-up and large sample size studies. This study included patients suffering from TBI registered in the Health Insurance Database. Endocrine disorders were identified using the ICD codes: 244 (acquired hypothyroidism), 253 (pituitary dysfunction), 255 (disorders of the adrenal glands), 258 (polyglandular dysfunction), and 259 (other endocrine disorders) with at least three outpatient visits within 1 year or one admission diagnosis. Overall, 156,945 insured subjects were included in the final analysis. The 1- and 5-year incidence rates of post-traumatic endocrinopathies were 0.4% and 2%, respectively. The risks of developing a common endocrinopathy (p < 0.001) or pituitary dysfunction (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with a TBI history. Patients with a skull bone fracture had a higher risk of developing pituitary dysfunction at the 1-year follow up (p value < 0.001). At the 5-year follow up, the association between intracranial hemorrhage and pituitary dysfunction (p value: 0.002) was significant. The risk of developing endocrine dysfunction after TBI increased during the entire 5-year follow-up period. Skull bone fracture and intracranial hemorrhage may be associated with short and long-term post-traumatic pituitary dysfunction, respectively.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2045-2322",
doi="10.1038/srep32987",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32987"
}