@article{ref1,
title="Vitamin D and falls - the dosage conundrum",
journal="Nature reviews: endocrinology",
year="2016",
author="Gallagher, J. Christopher",
volume="12",
number="11",
pages="680-684",
abstract="Falls are a major health problem in elderly individuals. Although intensive physical therapy and management of hazards in the home can reduce falls by 25%, long-term practicality limits their use. Interest in vitamin D as a medical therapy has led to many trials; however, results using daily oral doses of vitamin D have been inconsistent. In the past 5 years, studies on the effect of bolus doses of vitamin D have produced surprising results. Bolus doses of vitamin D, given annually (at a dose of 300,000 IU or 500,000 IU) or monthly (at a dose of 24,000 IU or 60,000 IU) - equivalent to approximate daily doses of 800 IU, 1400 IU and 2,000 IU - result in a significant increase in the number of falls and fractures associated with serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D greater than 40-45 ng/ml (equivalent to 100-112 nmol/l). These unexpected results show increased falls and fractures are adverse events related to vitamin D administration. Until further safety data is available, bolus dosing or daily doses should not exceed 3,000 IU and serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should not exceed 40-45 ng/ml (equivalent to 100-112 nmol/l) in elderly individuals.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1759-5029",
doi="10.1038/nrendo.2016.123",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.123"
}