@article{ref1,
title="Circadian sleep propensity and alcohol interaction at the wheel",
journal="Journal of clinical sleep medicine",
year="2016",
author="Garbarino, Sergio and Nobili, Lino and Philip, Pierre and Plazzi, Giuseppe and Campus, Claudio and Morrone, Elisa and De Carli, Fabrizio",
volume="12",
number="7",
pages="1011-1017",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed at estimating the effect of alcohol consumption, time of day, and their interaction on traffic crashes in a real regional context. <br><br>METHODS: Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) data were collected from drivers involved in traffic accidents during one year in an Italian region and in a control group of drivers over the same road network. Mean circadian sleep propensity was estimated from a previous study as function of time of day. Accident risk was analyzed by logistic regression as function of BAC and circadian sleep propensity. <br><br>RESULTS: BAC values greater than zero were found in 72.0% of the drivers involved in crashes and in 40.4% of the controls. Among the former 23.6% of the drivers exceeded the BAC legal threshold of 0.05 g/dL, while illegal values were found in 10.4% of the controls. The relative risk showed a significant increase with both BAC and circadian sleep propensity (as estimated from time of day) and their interaction was significant. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Due to the significant interaction, even low BAC levels strongly increased accident risk when associated with high sleep propensity.<br><br>Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Sleep Medicine. All rights reserved.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1550-9389",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}