@article{ref1,
title="Recent approaches to the study of the pre-school child. I. Indirect and "projective" methods",
journal="Journal of consulting psychology",
year="1938",
author="Updegraff, R.",
volume="2",
number="5",
pages="159-161",
abstract="These methods, devised to elicit an expression of the child's fundamental attitudes, have two common characteristics: (1) conversation is stimulated in test situations to encourage the child to reveal his feelings and ideas; (2) the situations are so simple that the child realizes his own identity and can interpret them in the light of his personality. This approach is particularly important in the study of personality and social development, although considerable emphasis has been placed upon the therapeutic values involved. The types of situations include the use of pictures or photographs which furnish information for the interpretation of other material, the use of puppets when children forget their own selves, and the use of play materials to stimulate dramatic play. Other situations encourage a child &quot;to use constructive and plastic materials, to interpret stories, to respond to moving pictures,&quot; and to create their own stories.<p />",
language="en",
issn="0095-8891",
doi="10.1037/h0057778",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0057778"
}