@article{ref1,
title="The ability of American football helmets to manage linear acceleration with repeated high-energy impacts",
journal="Journal of athletic training",
year="2016",
author="Cournoyer, Janie and Post, Andrew and Rousseau, Philippe and Hoshizaki, Blaine",
volume="51",
number="3",
pages="258-263",
abstract="CONTEXT:  Football players can receive up to 1400 head impacts per season, averaging 6.3 impacts per practice and 14.3 impacts per game. A decrease in the capacity of a helmet to manage linear acceleration with multiple impacts could increase the risk of traumatic brain injury. <br><br>OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the ability of football helmets to manage linear acceleration with multiple high-energy impacts. <br><br>DESIGN:  Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING:  Laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):  We collected linear-acceleration data for 100 impacts at 6 locations on 4 helmets of different models currently used in football. Impacts 11 to 20 were compared with impacts 91 to 100 for each of the 6 locations. <br><br>RESULTS:  Linear acceleration was greater after multiple impacts (91-100) than after the first few impacts (11-20) for the front, front boss, rear, and top locations. However, these differences are not clinically relevant as they do not affect the risk for head injury. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS:  American football helmet performance deteriorated with multiple impacts, but this is unlikely to be a factor in head-injury causation during a game or over a season.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1062-6050",
doi="10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.08",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.08"
}