@article{ref1,
title="Comorbidity of cognitive impairment and late-life depression increase mortality: results from a cohort of community-dwelling elderly individuals in rural Greece",
journal="Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology",
year="2016",
author="Georgakis, Marios K. and Papadopoulos, Fotios C. and Protogerou, Athanasios D. and Pagonari, Ioanna and Sarigianni, Fani and Biniaris-Georgallis, Stylianos-Iason and Kalogirou, Eleni I. and Thomopoulos, Thomas P. and Kapaki, Elisabeth and Papageorgiou, Charalampos and Papageorgiou, Socratis G. and Tousoulis, Dimitrios and Petridou, Eleni Th.",
volume="29",
number="4",
pages="195-204",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of cognitive impairment (COGI) and depression with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-specific mortality among community-dwelling elderly individuals in rural Greece. <br><br>METHODS: Cognition and depressive symptomatology of 676 Velestino town residents aged ≥60 years were assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Eight-year all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were explored by multivariate Cox regression models controlling for major confounders. <br><br>RESULTS: Two hundred and one patients died during follow-up. Cognitive impairment (MMSE ≤ 23) was independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.18) and cardiovascular mortality (HR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.03-2.41). Moderate to severe depression (GDS > 10) was significantly associated only with a 51% increase in all-cause mortality. A male-specific association was noted for moderate to severe depression, whereas the effect of COGI was limited to females. Noteworthy, COGI and depression comorbidity, rather than their sole presence, increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality by 66% and 72%, respectively. The mortality effect of COGI was augmented among patients with depression and of depression among patients with COGI. <br><br>CONCLUSION: COGI and depression, 2 entities often coexisting among elderly individuals, appear to increase all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. Gender-specific modes may prevail but their comorbidity should be carefully assessed, as it seems to represent an independent index of increased frailty, which eventually shortens life expectancy.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0891-9887",
doi="10.1177/0891988716632913",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891988716632913"
}