@article{ref1,
title="Child-to-parent violence: frequency and family correlates",
journal="Journal of family violence",
year="2015",
author="Lyons, Jennifer and Bell, Tessa and Fréchette, Sabrina and Romano, Elisa",
volume="30",
number="6",
pages="729-742",
abstract="Using a retrospective design, we examined verbal and physical child-to-parent violence (CPV) in terms of frequency and family correlates. <br><br>RESULTS from 365 university students revealed low frequencies of CPV, with higher means for child-to-mother violence. Regressions showed that ethnicity (African-Canadian and Middle Eastern) and, surprisingly, lower positive discipline were associated with less verbal CPV for both parents. Greater psychological aggression predicted greater mother-directed verbal violence, whereas more spanking, and the presence of child physical abuse and physical intimate partner violence were associated with mother-directed physical violence. Finally, verbal intimate partner violence between parents predicted children's verbal violence towards mothers and fathers. <br><br>FINDINGS indicate that certain variables may place families at risk for CPV and, in this way, help inform interventions.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0885-7482",
doi="10.1007/s10896-015-9716-8",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9716-8"
}