@article{ref1,
title="Developmental variations in the impact of intimate partner violence exposure during childhood",
journal="Journal of injury and violence research",
year="2016",
author="Howell, Kathryn H. and Barnes, Sarah E. and Miller, Laura E. and Graham-Bermann, Sandra A.",
volume="8",
number="1",
pages="43-57",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem impacting individuals around the globe. The consequences of IPV extend beyond the adults in the relationship, as children witness a significant proportion of such violence. Exposure to IPV during childhood has devastating effects across multiple domains of functioning. <br><br>METHODS: This article reviews empirical studies of the effects of exposure to IPV by developmental stage. <br><br>RESULTS: The psychological, social, physical, and cognitive consequences of witnessing IPV are examined across development; from the impact of prenatal exposure to effects in infancy and toddlerhood, the preschool years, school-aged children, and adolescence. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The review concludes by providing suggestions for future research based on the identified developmental variations, recommendations for developmentally-sensitive interventions for children who have witnessed IPV, and directions for policy to address the issue of violence exposure early in the lives of children.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="2008-2053",
doi="10.5249/jivr.v8i1.663",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.5249/jivr.v8i1.663"
}