@article{ref1,
title="Effects of a high-intensity functional exercise program on dependence in activities of daily living and balance in older adults with dementia",
journal="Journal of the American Geriatrics Society",
year="2016",
author="Toots, Annika and Littbrand, Håkan and Lindelöf, Nina and Wiklund, Robert and Holmberg, Henrik and Nordström, Peter and Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor and Gustafson, Yngve and Rosendahl, Erik",
volume="64",
number="1",
pages="55-64",
abstract="OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of a high-intensity functional exercise program on independence in activities of  daily living (ADLs) and balance in older people with dementia and whether exercise effects differed between dementia types. <br><br>DESIGN: Cluster-randomized controlled trial: Umeå Dementia and Exercise (UMDEX) study. SETTING: Residential care facilities, Umeå, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older with a dementia diagnosis, a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10 or greater, and dependence in ADLs (N = 186). INTERVENTION: Ninety-three participants each were allocated to the high-intensity functional exercise program, comprising lower limb strength and balance exercises, and 93 to a seated control activity. MEASUREMENTS: Blinded assessors measured ADL independence using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Barthel Index (BI) and balance using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) at baseline and 4 (directly after intervention completion) and 7 months. <br><br>RESULTS: Linear mixed models showed no between-group effect on ADL independence at 4 (FIM=1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-1.6-4.3; BI=0.6, 95% CI=-0.2-1.4) or 7 (FIM=0.8, 95% CI=-2.2-3.8; BI=0.6, 95% CI=-0.3-1.4) months. A significant between-group effect on balance favoring exercise was observed at 4 months (BBS=4.2, 95% CI=1.8-6.6). In interaction analyses, exercise effects differed significantly between dementia types. Positive between-group exercise effects were found in participants with non-Alzheimer's dementia according to the FIM at 7 months and BI and BBS at 4 and 7 months. <br><br>CONCLUSION: In older people with mild to moderate dementia living in residential care facilities, a 4-month high-intensity functional exercise program appears to slow decline in ADL independence and improve balance, albeit only in participants with non-Alzheimer's dementia.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0002-8614",
doi="10.1111/jgs.13880",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13880"
}