@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol use and craving among Veterans with mental health disorders and mild traumatic brain injury",
journal="Journal of rehabilitation research and development",
year="2014",
author="Herrold, Amy A. and Jordan, Neil and High, Walter M. and Babcock-Parziale, Judi and Chambers, R. Andrew and Smith, Bridget and Evans, Charlesnika T. and Li, Xue and Mallinson, Trudy and Jenkins, Shonna and Pape, Theresa Louise-Bender",
volume="51",
number="9",
pages="1397-1410",
abstract="Mental health disorders (MHDs), mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are endemic among recent Veterans, resulting in a population with heterogeneous, co-occurring conditions. While alcohol craving negatively affects rehabilitation and leads to relapse, no studies have examined alcohol craving among Veterans with co-occurring MHDs and mTBI. The purpose of this preliminary cohort study is to describe alcohol craving in a convenience sample of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans (n = 48), including those exposed to traumatic events and experiencing active symptoms. Veterans completed weekly telephone interviews that included the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, consumption questions (AUDIT-C) (week 1) and the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) (weeks 1-6). Sixty percent of the sample screened positive on the AUDIT-C for probable AUD. Using Rasch analysis, the person separation reliability of the PACS was strong (0.87) among AUDIT-C positive Veterans. Higher PACS scores were reported among AUDIT-C positive versus AUDIT-C negative Veterans (mixed effects analysis, p < 0.001). PACS scores were higher among AUDIT-C positive Veterans with MHDs with and without mTBI versus AUDIT-C positive combat comparison Veterans (pairwise comparison, p < 0.001). Rates of hazardous alcohol use are high among Iraq and Afghanistan conflict Veterans and suggest that alcohol craving is elevated among those with MHDs with and without mTBI.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0748-7711",
doi="10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0170",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.07.0170"
}