@article{ref1,
title="Vernacular cabs: Jitneys and gypsies in five cities",
journal="Transportation research part A: general",
year="1985",
author="Suzuki, P. T.",
volume="19",
number="4",
pages="337-347",
abstract="Although there is an extensive literature on taxis and taxicab drivers, this is not the case for jitneys (gypsies). After a definition of &quot;vernacular&quot; is provided, the paper proceeds with an overview of vernacular cab operations in five American cities: Chattanooga, Chicago, New York, Omaha and Philadelphia. The overviews are based on library research, interviews and the participant-observation method (as jitney driver in Omaha). An overwhelming number of vernacular operations are in the hands of blacks; a few, in New York City, are run by Puerto Ricans. After the overviews--or ethnographies--are presented, the paper concludes with a discussion that touches on why these cabs are de facto taxis, the validity of &quot;vernacular&quot; as a term for the cab systems reviewed, why there has been a neglect of the vernaculars as a research topic, and the importance of vernaculars for policy analysis.<p />",
language="",
issn="0191-2607",
doi="10.1016/0191-2607(85)90069-X",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(85)90069-X"
}