@article{ref1,
title="Effects of recent concussion on brain bioenergetics: a phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy study",
journal="Cognitive and behavioral neurology",
year="2015",
author="Sikoglu, Elif M. and Liso Navarro, Ana A. and Czerniak, Suzanne M. and McCafferty, Joseph and Eisenstock, Jordan and Stevenson, J. Herbert and King, Jean A. and Moore, Constance M.",
volume="28",
number="4",
pages="181-187",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). <br><br>OBJECTIVE: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. <br><br>METHODS: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. <br><br>RESULTS: Our results revealed significantly lower γ-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of γ-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1543-3633",
doi="10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076"
}