@article{ref1,
title="Alcohol use predicts 10-year depressive symptom trajectories in the health and retirement study",
journal="Journal of aging and health",
year="2015",
author="Brennan, Penny L. and Soohoo, Sonya and Lemke, Sonne and Schutte, Kathleen K.",
volume="28",
number="5",
pages="911-932",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of late-middle-aged adults' baseline drinking behavior on their subsequent 10-year depressive symptom trajectories. <br><br>METHOD: Health and Retirement Study participants (N = 7,939) were assessed on baseline demographic, health, and drinking characteristics, and biennially assessed for the next 10 years on their depressive symptoms. <br><br>RESULTS: Growth mixture modeling generated four classes of depressive symptom trajectories: Consistently low (72%), consistently elevated (6%), increasing (12%), and decreasing (10%). Baseline abstinence from alcohol, possibly enforced by poorer health and a history of drinking problems, and heavier drinking, &quot;binge&quot; drinking, and having a history of drinking problems, raised risk of membership in the &quot;consistently elevated&quot; class. Abstinence by participants without history of drinking problems-and light, moderate, and heavier drinking-protected against membership in the &quot;increasing&quot; class. Abstinence by participants without history of drinking problems elevated-and moderate drinking reduced-likelihood of membership in the &quot;decreasing&quot; class. <br><br>DISCUSSION: Late-middle-aged adults' alcohol use is associated with the subsequent long-term course of their depressive symptoms.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0898-2643",
doi="10.1177/0898264315615837",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264315615837"
}