@article{ref1,
title="The criminality of noninstitutionalized mentally retarded persons: evidence from a birth cohort followed to age 30",
journal="Criminal justice and behavior",
year="1997",
author="Hodgins, Sheilagh and Crocker, Anne G.",
volume="24",
number="4",
pages="432-454",
abstract="This study examines the criminality of noninstitutionalized mentally retarded (NIMR) men and women in a Swedish birth cohort composed of 15,117 participants followed from before birth to age 30. NIMR participants were compared with participants who had never been placed in a special class or in an institution for the mentally retarded or admitted to a psychiatric ward (NMR). NIMR participants were more likely than NMR participants to have been convicted for a criminal offense before age 30 and for a violent offense. NIMR offenders had been convicted, on average, for the same number of offenses as NMR offenders. Among the NIMR offenders, 71% of men and only 43% were first convicted before the age of 18. For both NIMR men and women, childhood conduct problems were found to be associated with adult criminality. Keywords: Juvenile justice<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0093-8548",
doi="10.1177/0093854897024004003",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854897024004003"
}