@article{ref1,
title="Genetic and environmental influences on levels of self-control and delinquent peer affiliation: results from a longitudinal sample of adolescent twins",
journal="Criminal justice and behavior",
year="2009",
author="Beaver, Kevin M. and Schutt, J. Eagle and Boutwell, Brian B. and Ratchford, Marie and Roberts, Kathleen and Barnes, J. C.",
volume="36",
number="1",
pages="41-60",
abstract="Despite the fact that low self-control and exposure to delinquent peers are two of the most robust and consistent predictors of crime, delinquency, and antisocial behavior, much remains unknown about what causes self-control to develop and what causes youths to befriend antisocial peers. This study estimated the relative effects of environmental and genetic factors on levels of self-control and contact with delinquent peers in a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). DeFries-Fulker analysis of the Add Health data revealed that both self-control and contact with drug-using friends were influenced by genetic factors and the nonshared environment, whereas the shared environment exhibited relatively small and inconsistent effects. Implications for self-control theory and social learning theory are discussed. Keywords: Juvenile justice<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0093-8548",
doi="10.1177/0093854808326992",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854808326992"
}