@article{ref1,
title="Flame-retardant paper from wood fibers functionalized via layer-by-layer assembly",
journal="ACS applied materials and interfaces",
year="2015",
author="Köklükaya, Oruç and Carosio, Federico and Grunlan, Jaime C. and Wagberg, Lars",
volume="7",
number="42",
pages="23750-23759",
abstract="The highly flammable character of cellulose-rich fibers from wood limits their use in some advanced materials. In order to suppress the flammability and introduce flame-retardant properties to individual pulp fibers, nanometer thin films consisting of cationic chitosan (CH) and anionic poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) were deposited on fibers using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The build-up of the multilayer film was investigated in the presence and absence of salt (NaCl) using model cellulose surfaces and a quartz crystal microbalance technique. Fibers were then treated with the same strategy and the treated fibers were used to prepare paper sheets. A horizontal flame test (HFT) and cone calorimetry were conducted to evaluate the combustion behavior of paper sheets as a function of the number of bilayers deposited on fibers. In HFT, paper made of fibers coated with 20 CH/PVPA bilayers (BL), self-extinguished the flame, while uncoated fibers were completely consumed. Scanning electron microscopy of charred paper after HFT revealed that a thin shell of the charred polymeric multilayer remained after the cellulose fibers had been completely oxidized. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that the phosphorus-containing thin films (20 BL is ̴ 25 nm) reduced the peak heat release rate by 49%. This study identifies a unique and highly effective way to impart flame-retardant characteristic to pulp fibers and the papers made from these fibers.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1944-8244",
doi="10.1021/acsami.5b08105",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b08105"
}