@article{ref1,
title="Sources of workplace violence against nurses",
journal="Work",
year="2015",
author="Kvas, Andreja and Seljak, Janko",
volume="52",
number="1",
pages="177-184",
abstract="BACKGROUND: Health care employees, especially nurses, are often victims of workplace violence. <br><br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to study the frequency and degree of violence against nurses and to analyze correlations between various sources and types of violence. <br><br>METHODS: A survey was carried out using a representative sample of nurses in Slovenia. Data was collected using a questionnaire designed specifically for the purposes of the survey. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive, correlational and inferential statistics. <br><br>RESULTS: A total of 692 nurses participated in the survey. Verbal violence (n = 416) and physical violence (n = 180) were identified. The most frequent perpetrators of verbal violence were patients (listed as a source of violence by 39.3% of the respondents) and peers (39.6%), with the most forceful identified as physicians and patients. Physical violence against nurses was most often initiated by patients (20.8%) who were also the most forceful source in this category. Nurse leaders were found to be the most frequent and forceful sources of violence in terms of leadership level. A positive correlation between external (patient and relatives) and internal (physician and nurse) sources of violence was determined CONCLUSIONS: A better understanding of the association between different types and sources of violence may support the development of action-oriented violence management. Health care organisations should limit violence at its less severe levels and at its primary source.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1051-9815",
doi="10.3233/WOR-152040",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152040"
}