@article{ref1,
title="Detection of chlorine and bromine in free liquid from the sphenoid sinus as an indicator of seawater drowning",
journal="Legal medicine (Elsevier)",
year="2015",
author="Tanaka, Naoko and Kinoshita, Hiroshi and Jamal, Mostofa and Takakura, Ayaka and Kumihashi, Mitsuru and Miyatake, Nobuyuki and Tsutsui, Kunihiko and Ameno, Kiyoshi",
volume="17",
number="5",
pages="299-303",
abstract="We have investigated the usefulness of elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in the examination of free liquid from the sphenoid sinus of drowning victims. We detected both chlorine and bromine in liquid taken from the sphenoid sinus of seawater drowning victims. Because these elements were below the quantification limit in freshwater cases, we could easily distinguish seawater from freshwater drowning cases. Detection of these elements from the liquid in the sphenoid sinuses of drowning victims may be useful as a supportive measure for seawater drowning.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1344-6223",
doi="10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.08.005",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2015.08.005"
}