@article{ref1,
title="The prevalence of oro-facial barotrauma among scuba divers",
journal="Diving and hyperbaric medicine",
year="2015",
author="Yousef, Mohammed K. and Ibrahim, Maria and Assiri, Abeer and Hakeem, Abdulaziz",
volume="45",
number="3",
pages="181-183",
abstract="INTRODUCTION: Barotrauma is a physical injury that results from ambient pressure changes during flying, diving or hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of oro-facial barotrauma among a sample of scuba divers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. <br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for the study were collected through a self-reported questionnaire that was distributed to 166 divers. The questionnaire was divided into two parts, in which the first part contained demographic data and the second part consists of multiple choice questions and a few open-ended questions discussing the different signs and symptoms of orofacial barotraumas. <br><br>RESULTS: One-hundred-and-sixty-three divers responded. The most frequent symptoms during diving were dry mouth (51.9%), followed by clenching (32.5%) and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain (19.5%), while the most frequent symptoms after diving were dry mouth (22.7%) followed by clenching and facial pain (16.9%). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Clenching and dry mouth were common findings but are temporary in nature and do not warrant any dental intervention. TMJ and facial pain were also reported but were temporary. The use of commercial mouthpieces during diving may be related to more symptoms when compared with customized types.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1833-3516",
doi="",
url="http://dx.doi.org/"
}