@article{ref1,
title="Better gun enforcement, less crime",
journal="Criminology and public policy",
year="2005",
author="Ludwig, Jens",
volume="4",
number="4",
pages="677-716",
abstract="Research Summary:Project Safe Neighborhoods (PSN), which for the past several years has been the major federal initiative to combat gun violence, includes several elements (such as gun locks and other efforts to reduce gun availability) that research suggests are likely to have at best modest effects on gun crime. In general, enforcement activities targeted at the &quot;demand side&quot; of the underground gun market currently enjoy stronger empirical support. However much of PSN's budget has been devoted to increasing the severity of punishment, such as by federalizing gun cases, which seems to be less effective than targeted street-level enforcement designed to increase the probability of punishment for gun carrying or use in crime. Policy Implications:PSN and other enforcement activities could be made more effective by redirecting resources toward activities such as targeted patrols against illegal gun carrying. Given the substantial social costs of gun violence, an efficiency argument can also be made for increasing funding beyond previous levels.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1538-6473",
doi="10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00352.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2005.00352.x"
}