@article{ref1,
title="Parent-child relationships of boys in different offending trajectories: a developmental perspective",
journal="Journal of child psychology and psychiatry",
year="2012",
author="Keijsers, Loes and Loeber, Rolf and Branje, Susan J. T. and Meeus, Wim",
volume="53",
number="12",
pages="1222-1232",
abstract="BACKGROUND: This study tested the theoretical assumption that transformations of parent-child relationships in late childhood and adolescence would differ for boys following different offending trajectories. <br><br>METHODS: Using longitudinal multiinformant data of 503 boys (ages 719), we conducted Growth Mixture Modeling to extract offending trajectories. Developmental changes in child reports of parent-child joint activities and relationship quality were examined using Latent Growth Curves. <br><br>RESULTS: Five offending trajectories were found: non-offenders, moderate childhood offenders, adolescent-limited offenders, serious childhood offenders, and serious persistent offenders. Non-offenders reported high and stable levels of relationship quality between age 10 and 16. Adolescent-limited offenders reported a similarly high relationship quality as non-offenders at ages 7 and 10, but a lower and decreasing relationship quality in adolescence. Compared with non-offenders, serious persistent offenders reported poorer parent-child relationship quality at all ages, and a decreasing relationship quality in adolescence. Serious persistent offenders and adolescent-limited offenders reported similar levels and changes in parent-child relationship quality in adolescence. Although serious persistent offenders reported fewer joint activities at age 10 and 13 than non-offenders, a similar linear decrease in joint activities in early to middle adolescence was found for boys in each trajectory. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Developmental changes in parent-child relationship quality differ for different types of offenders. This finding has scientific and practical implications. KW: Juvenile justice; Juvenile delinquency;<p />",
language="",
issn="0021-9630",
doi="10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02585.x",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02585.x"
}