@article{ref1,
title="Relations between baseline and nonlinear longitudinal changes in children's body mass index and internalizing symptoms",
journal="Journal of pediatric psychology",
year="2015",
author="Tillery, Rachel and Berlin, Kristoffer S. and Banks, Gabrielle G. and Kamody, Rebecca C. and Rybak, Tiffany M.",
volume="41",
number="3",
pages="340-349",
abstract="OBJECTIVE:  To determine whether initial body mass index for age (zBMI) and internalizing symptoms predict longitudinal changes in zBMI and internalizing symptoms-and the extent to which sex and race moderate these relations.  METHODS:  Participants included 12,674 (51% male) youth from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998-1999. Data were collected in kindergarten, 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 8th grades. Teacher-reported internalizing symptoms were measured with the Social Rating Scale.  RESULTS:  Internalizing symptoms followed a quadratic growth trajectory, with initial low levels of symptoms that gradually increased over time and eventually leveled. zBMI followed a piecewise growth trajectory, with a transition in slope at 1st grade. Interactions emerged between zBMI and internalizing symptoms for White males.  CONCLUSIONS:  Associations between internalizing symptoms and BMI begin in early childhood for White males, and changes in zBMI are a function of the interactive effect of initial levels of internalizing difficulties and adiposity status.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0146-8693",
doi="10.1093/jpepsy/jsv080",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsv080"
}