@article{ref1,
title="Effortful control predicts adolescent antisocial-aggressive behaviors and depressive symptoms: co-occurrence and moderation by impulsivity",
journal="Child development",
year="2015",
author="Wang, Frances L. and Chassin, Laurie and Eisenberg, Nancy and Spinrad, Tracy L.",
volume="86",
number="6",
pages="1812-1829",
abstract="Effortful control is associated with fewer aggressive-antisocial behaviors (AAB) and depressive symptoms (DEP), but impulsivity may moderate these relations. However, few researchers have considered the effects of AAB-DEP co-occurrence. A multi-informant, multimethod approach assessed 5- to 10-year-olds' effortful control and impulsivity and, 5-6 years later, their AAB and DEP (N = 474). Participants were non-Hispanic Caucasian (59.2%) or Hispanic (27.9%) from a Southwestern U.S. metropolitan area. Low effortful control predicted pure AAB. Low effortful control and low impulsivity predicted pure DEP and co-occurring AAB-DEP. An effortful Control × Impulsivity × Age interaction predicted pure AAB and co-occurring AAB-DEP. For older adolescents, lower effortful control predicted more symptoms only at average and high impulsivity. <br><br>RESULTS highlight multiple pathways to pure DEP versus pure AAB or co-occurring AAB-DEP.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0009-3920",
doi="10.1111/cdev.12406",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12406"
}