@article{ref1,
title="The Chinese version of the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS): Mokken scaling",
journal="Journal of affective disorders",
year="2015",
author="Lee, Chin-Pang and Chu, Chun-Lin and Chen, Yu and Jiang, Kun-Hao and Chen, Jiun-Liang and Chen, Ching-Yen",
volume="186",
number="",
pages="48-52",
abstract="OBJECTIVE: Invariant item ordering (IIO) is defined as the extent to which items have the same order for each respondent who completes a scale. IIO is crucial for establishing a scale hierarchy that is replicable across samples; however, no research has demonstrated IIO in the Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS). The aim of this study was to determine if an IIO hierarchy of depressive symptoms existed in a clinical sample of men who completed the GMDS. <br><br>METHODS: A convenience sample of 231 men (age: mean (SD) = 46.1 (11.0) yrs) who visited a men's health polyclinic in Taiwan and completed the GMDS. Mokken scale analysis was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the GMDS. <br><br>RESULTS: All items on the GMDS formed a strong uni-dimensional scale (H=0.592). Except for item #9 (alcohol/drug abuse, or hyperactivity), IIO was found for the remaining 12 items (H(T)=0.366). These symptoms reflected the following hierarchy: positive family history (#13), complaining (#12), anxiety (#8), loss of vitality (#10), depressed mood (#11), indecisiveness (#6), aggression (#2), irritability (#5), stress (#1), burn-out (#3), fatigue (#4), and sleep problems (#7). <br><br>CONCLUSION: The GMDS is a psychometrically sound measure of depressive symptoms in Taiwanese male outpatients. The GMDS has both cumulative and hierarchical properties.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0165-0327",
doi="10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.045",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.045"
}