@article{ref1,
title="Psychological self-defense jury instructions: Influence on verdicts for battered women defendants",
journal="Behavioral sciences and the law",
year="1990",
author="Greenwald, Jessica P. and Tomkins, Alan J. and Kenning, Mary and Zavodny, Denis",
volume="8",
number="2",
pages="171-180",
abstract="Ewing (1987) has proposed a new legal doctrine called 'Psychological Self-Defense,' which is intended to provide a legal justification for a killing committed under the threat of extremely serious psychological injury. This study examines the effect of such an affirmative defense on the verdict in two vignette cases in which a battered woman killed her abuser. One-hundred ninety-six subjects issued verdicts after reading the case vignettes and a series of jury instructions which varied by self-defense instruction (Psychological Self-Defense Only, Physical Self-Defense Only, Psychological and Physical Self-Defense, or none of these). Only Psychological Self-Defense instructions significantly influenced verdict patterns, primarily by shifting would-be voluntary manslaughter convictions to acquittals.<p /><p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="0735-3936",
doi="10.1002/bsl.2370080209",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370080209"
}