@article{ref1,
title="Associations between executive functions and long-term stress reactions after extreme trauma: a two-year follow-up of the Utøya survivors",
journal="Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy",
year="2015",
author="Melinder, Annika and Augusti, Else-Marie and Matre, Martin and Endestad, Tor",
volume="7",
number="6",
pages="583-590",
abstract="Terror attacks cause variation in everyday functioning across several domains. This paper focuses on the individual long-term costs in terms of clinical symptoms and cognitive (e.g., shifting, inhibition, and spatial working memory) difficulties associated with these symptoms in 24 survivors of a terror attack in Norway. Another 24 controls were included for comparison purposes. Participants were administered a battery of clinical and neurocognitive tests. <br><br>RESULTS showed that all clinical variables differed as a function of group, ps ≤.001, η2 ≥.64, but no significant differences were revealed for the neurocognitive measures. In the survivor group, shifting capacity and its interaction with gender predicted intrusion symptoms, p =.045, ηp2 =.338, and symptoms of avoidance, p =.008, ηp2 =.453. We discuss the findings in relation to theoretical models and therapeutic interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record<p /> <p>Language: en</p>",
language="en",
issn="1942-9681",
doi="10.1037/tra0000048",
url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000048"
}